What Is Black Fungus? Can COVID-19 Patients Get It?
What is black fungus? Mucormycosis, often known as black fungus, is a very rare but hazardous fungus that infects people with weak immune systems. It causes black fungus disease. The…
Skeeter Syndrome: A Clinically Relevant Overview for Physicians
Definition and Pathophysiology Skeeter syndrome (SS) is a rare, non-infectious, IgE-mediated Type I hypersensitivity reaction to proteins in mosquito saliva—specifically allergenic polypeptides such as Aedinae salivary gland antigen-2 (Aed a…
McCune Albright Syndrome
What is McCune Albright Syndrome? McCune Albright syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal deposits of scar-like or fibrous tissue in bones and skin along with defects in endocrine…
Revised Clinical Overview of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with Focus on Historical “Asperger Syndrome” Phenotype: An Evidence-Based Update for Clinicians
Prepared per DSM-5-TR (2022), ICD-11 (2023), and current clinical practice guidelines from the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), and…
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC): A Comprehensive Clinical Overview for Healthcare Providers
Definition & EpidemiologyTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC; OMIM #191100, #613254) is a rare autosomal dominant neurocutaneous phakomatosis characterized by the development of benign hamartomas in multiple organ systems. It affects ~1…
Comprehensive Clinical Review of Brugada Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Risk Stratification, and Evidence-Based Management
1. Definition and Epidemiology Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a rare, inherited primary electrical disorder characterized by a distinctive electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern—classically coved-type ST-segment elevation in right precordial leads (V1–V3)—and an…
Comprehensive Clinical Overview of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM): Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis with Evidence-Based Updates
1. Definition and Terminology Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM), also known as cavernoma, cavernous angioma, or cavernous vascular malformation, is a low-flow, capillary-level vascular anomaly of the central nervous system (CNS).…
Ebstein anomaly – epidemiology, signs, symptoms, treatment
1. 🔍 Definition & Pathophysiology Ebstein anomaly is a rare congenital cardiac defect characterized by downward (apical) displacement of the septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve into the…
Facelift surgery – procedure, recovery, cost, expected outcome
Introduction: What Is Facelift Surgery? Facelift surgery—clinically termed rhytidectomy—remains one of the most frequently requested cosmetic procedures worldwide. As facial aging progresses, structural support tissues—including collagen, elastin, and fat compartments—are…
Myotonic dystrophy – learn all about it in 5 minutes
Myotonic dystrophy Myotonic dystrophy, also called myotonia atrophica, is the most common form of muscular dystrophy. It is an inherited disorder and affects the skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles of…
Neurofibromatosis type 1 and type 2 – features, diagnosis, and treatment
What is neurofibromatosis? Neurofibromatosis type 1 and type 2 comes under the heading of neuro-cutaneous diseases but it not only involves the nervous system and skin but also involves multiple…
Clinical Hypnotherapy
Clinical hypnotherapy is an evidence-based therapeutic approach that uses guided hypnosis—a focused, relaxed state of heightened attention and suggestibility—to support the treatment of medical, psychological, and behavioral conditions. Contrary to…
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) – Symptoms, ECG, Murmur & Treatment
HCM is most often an autosomal dominant inherited heart muscle disease. The commonest pathogenic variants involve sarcomere-protein genes, especially MYH7 and MYBPC3, although other sarcomeric genes can also be involved.…
Fungal Skin Infection – Tinea corporis, cruris, pedis, capitis, versicolor, and unguium
Fungal skin infection overview Fungal skin infection is a broad term. In medical terminology, if any skin infection occurs by a fungus is called ‘mycosis’. Fungus is a microorganism having a…
Menopausal Syndrome – symptoms of menopause, and treatments
Menopausal syndrome Menopause is a natural biological process that every woman goes through. It is a gradual process taking on an average of four years to complete. Menopause happens when…
