Clinical Pharmacist Review: Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis (CIPA)

Clinical Overview Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis (CIPA), also classified as Type IV Hereditary Autonomic and Sensory Neuropathy, is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterized by…

Continue ReadingClinical Pharmacist Review: Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis (CIPA)

Comprehensive Clinical Update on Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s Disease): Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Evidence-Based Management

Authored for the practicing physician—updated to reflect 2023–2024 guidelines and peer-reviewed literature I. Introduction & Definition Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO), or Buerger’s disease, is a rare, non-atherosclerotic, inflammatory occlusive vasculopathy primarily…

Continue ReadingComprehensive Clinical Update on Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s Disease): Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Evidence-Based Management