Comprehensive Clinical Overview of Breast Cancer: Pathogenesis, Classification, Diagnosis, Staging, and Evidence-Based Management
I. Pathobiology & Epidemiology Breast cancer arises from somatic mutations in breast epithelial cells—primarily in ductal or lobular lineages—leading to dysregulated proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, and genomic instability. The majority (≈80%) originate in the terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs), the site of most malignant transformation. Epidemiology (SEER 2024 & ASCO estimates): II. Molecular Subtypes &…
