1. Introduction: Beyond Infectious Disease—The Emergence of Therapeutic mRNA Vaccines in Oncology While mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases (e.g., SARS-CoV-2) have captured global attention, their application in oncology represents a…
Epidemiology and Pathobiology Urothelial carcinoma (UC), formerly termed transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), accounts for >90% of primary bladder malignancies and remains the fifth most common cancer in the United States…
Updated with Current Evidence-Based Guidelines (2023–2024) Epidemiology and Pathobiological Context Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) accounts for approximately 13–15% of all primary lung cancers, with an incidence declining modestly over…
Breast cancer overview When some cells of the breast begin to grow abnormally, breast cancer develops. These cells divide at a faster rate than healthy cells and continue to grow,…
BCC and SCC Skin is the largest organ of the human body. Among all cancers, skin cancer is considered the most common cancer developed in humans. Cancer means abnormal growth and…
