Hypertensive urgency, emergency, crisis
Hypertensive emergency It is an emergency where high blood pressure (≥ 180/120) causes target organ damage. Target organs can be the brain, renal system, eye, heart, etc. Hypertensive urgency Blood…
Tricuspid Atresia
Tricuspid atresia is a congenital malformation of the tricuspid valve, which regulates blood flow from the right atrium (upper right chamber of the heart) to the right ventricle (lower right…
Unstable Angina
Overview In unstable angina, the heart does not receive sufficient blood flow and oxygen. It might cause a heart attack.Angina is a form of chest pain caused by inadequate blood…
Aortic regurgitation – Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
Overview Aortic valve regurgitation, also known as aortic regurgitation, is a condition in which the aortic valve of the heart does not seal tightly. As a result, a portion of…
Rheumatic Heart Disease
What is RHD? Rheumatic heart disease is a disorder in which rheumatic fever has caused irreversible damage to the heart valves. Shortly after an untreated or inadequately treated streptococcal infection,…
Congenital Heart Disease
Overview Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the presence of one or more structural heart defects at birth. Congenital denotes that the condition is present at birth. Congenital cardiac disease in…
ASHD | Arteriosclerotic Heart Disease
Overview Arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD) is characterized by a thickening and hardness of the coronary artery walls. Atherosclerosis (a type of arteriosclerosis) is a potentially fatal disorder in which arteries…
Brugada syndrome
What is Brugada syndrome? Brugada syndrome is a rare cardiac rhythm disorder with the potential of causing sudden cardiac death. The heart is usually morphologically and histologically normal in Brugada…
Heart friendly foods and lifestyle
How to keep heart healthy Heart diseases account for almost one-third of deaths worldwide. A lack of exercise, an unhealthy diet, and a sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of…
Ebstein anomaly – epidemiology, signs, symptoms, treatment
Ebstein anomaly Ebstein anomaly is a rare congenital heart disease in which the tricuspid valve of the heart is placed far down into the right ventricle. This abnormal valve is…
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) – Symptoms, ECG, Murmur & Treatment
What is HOCM? Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in the young people. A characteristic finding of HOCM is abnormal thickening or hypertrophy of…
How to read ECGs faster and more accurately?
When I have just started my cardiology training, I could interpret some common ECG findings, but for more challenging ones it took quite some time to figure out all the…
Long QT syndrome – Symptoms, Treatments
Long QT Long QT syndrome (LQTS), as the name suggests, implies the lengthening of the QT interval beyond the normal limit, on a surface ECG. It is a disorder in…