congenital

Medicine
Comprehensive Clinical Overview of Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD): Pathophysiology, Classification, Diagnosis, Management, and Long-Term Complications
Bydoctorcostamed May 27, 2022April 12, 2026
Prepared for the Practicing Cardiologist or Internal Medicine Physician 1. Definition & Epidemiology Congenital heart disease (CHD) refers to structural abnormalities of the heart or great vessels present at birth, resulting from aberrant cardiovascular development in utero (typically weeks 3–8 of gestation). Though historically considered a pediatric condition, advances in surgical and interventional cardiology have…
Read More Comprehensive Clinical Overview of Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD): Pathophysiology, Classification, Diagnosis, Management, and Long-Term Complications
Medicine
Revised Clinical Overview of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with Focus on Historical “Asperger Syndrome” Phenotype: An Evidence-Based Update for Clinicians
Bydoctorcostamed June 15, 2021April 20, 2026
Prepared per DSM-5-TR (2022), ICD-11 (2023), and current clinical practice guidelines from the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), and International Consensus Statements (e.g., Volkmar et al., 2023) 1. Conceptual Framework: Asperger Syndrome is No Longer a Standalone Diagnosis 2. Core Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-5-TR, 2022)…
Read More Revised Clinical Overview of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with Focus on Historical “Asperger Syndrome” Phenotype: An Evidence-Based Update for Clinicians