Comprehensive Clinical Review: Proteinuria—Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Risk Stratification, and Evidence-Based Management

I. Definition and Pathophysiology: Beyond “Leaky Kidneys” Proteinuria is defined as urinary protein excretion >150 mg/day in adults (KDIGO 2024). Physiologically, the glomerular filtration barrier—composed of fenestrated endothelium, glomerular basement…

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Aromatherapy: An Evidence-Based Overview of Benefits, Safety, and Application in Dementia Care

Aromatherapy, an ancient holistic practice rooted in traditional medicine, involves the use of concentrated plant-derived essential oils to support mental, emotional, and physical well-being. These oils, extracted from flowers, herbs,…

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Alcohol-Related Brain Damage (ARBD): A Current Evidence-Based Review for Health Professionals

IntroductionAlcohol-related brain damage (ARBD) is a spectrum of neurocognitive disorders resulting from chronic excessive alcohol consumption, compounded by nutritional deficiencies, particularly thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, direct neurotoxic effects of ethanol,…

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