Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) – Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management Based on Current Evidence-Based Guidelines
Definition & Pathophysiology GERD is a chronic, often relapsing disorder characterized by the reflux of gastric (and duodenal) contents—acid, bile, pepsin, and pancreatic enzymes—into the esophagus, pharynx, or larynx, resulting in: Key pathophysiological mechanisms include: Epidemiology & Risk Factors Clinical Presentation & Symptom Profile Typical Esophageal Symptoms Atypical/Extraesophageal Symptoms (Controversial association—require rigorous evaluation) Symptom Evidence Strength…
