Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) – Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management Based on Current Evidence-Based Guidelines

Definition & Pathophysiology GERD is a chronic, often relapsing disorder characterized by the reflux of gastric (and duodenal) contents—acid, bile, pepsin, and pancreatic enzymes—into the esophagus, pharynx, or larynx, resulting…

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Comprehensive Clinical Update on Barrett’s Esophagus: Pathophysiology, Risk Stratification, Diagnosis, Management, and Surveillance Based on Current Evidence

1. Definition & Pathogenesis Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a premalignant condition characterized by the metaplastic replacement of the normal stratified squamous epithelium of the distal esophagus with specialized intestinal metaplasia…

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