Comprehensive Clinical Overview of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM): Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis with Evidence-Based Updates
1. Definition and Terminology Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM), also known as cavernoma, cavernous angioma, or cavernous vascular malformation, is a low-flow, capillary-level vascular anomaly of the central nervous system (CNS). It consists of dilated, thin-walled sinusoidal vascular channels lacking intervening brain parenchyma, surrounded by hemosiderin-laden macrophages and reactive gliosis. These lesions lack elastic tissue and…
