Comprehensive Clinical Update on Acne Vulgaris: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, Risk Stratification, and Evidence-Based Management
I. Epidemiology & Pathogenesis: Beyond Surface Symptoms Acne vulgaris is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit affecting up to 85% of adolescents and 12–24% of adult women (≤45 years), with rising prevalence in late-onset acne (>25 years) (Dreno et al., J Am Acad Dermatol 2023;88:1069–1077). Its pathogenesis involves four core interlinked factors, per…
