Insulinoma — Diagnosis, Localization, Genetic Evaluation, and Management Based on Current Evidence and Guidelines
Epidemiology and Pathophysiology Insulinomas are rare, typically benign (85–90%), functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) arising from β-cells of the islets of Langerhans. Incidence is ~1–2 cases per million person-years, with a bimodal age distribution (peak incidence: 40–60 years), slight female predominance (F:M ≈ 2:3), and no racial predilection. Most are sporadic (95%); the remaining 5%…
