Comprehensive Clinical Review: HIV-Associated Nephropathy (HIVAN) – Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management with Emphasis on Contemporary Evidence
1. Definition and Epidemiology HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is a distinct, rapidly progressive form of collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) occurring predominantly in individuals infected with HIV-1—particularly those of African ancestry. Historically, HIVAN was the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among Black adults with HIV in the pre–antiretroviral therapy (ART) era; it remains a…
