Category: Medicine
HIV Nephropathy – Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is frequently observed in HIV/AIDS patients and results in end-stage renal impairment (ESRD). The diagnosis cannot be confirmed by imaging and must be confirmed by renal biopsy. What is the AIDS virus? A disorder of the immune system caused by HIV infection. HIV damages the immune system\’s CD4 T lymphocytes (CD4 cells),…
Glomerulonephritis – Symptoms, Causes, Types, Diagnosis & Treatment
What is glomerulonephritis? Glomerulonephritis is a progressive kidney illness that affects the glomeruli, which are the urine-producing filtering units of the kidney. When the glomeruli are inflamed, the kidneys cannot adequately filter urine. This causes an accumulation of fluid and poisons in the body. Chronic renal (kidney) failure may result from glomerulonephritis. Primary and secondary…
Chronic Kidney Disease – Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
Overview Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by a steady and typically irreversible decline in kidney function over time. This generally occurs over a period of months to years.With the lack of kidney function, water, waste, and harmful compounds that are normally expelled by the kidney accumulate in the body. In addition to causing anemia,…
Pyelonephritis – Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Overview Kidney infection (pyelonephritis) is a form of urinary tract infection (UTI) that typically originates in the urethra or bladder and spreads to one or both kidneys. A kidney infection demands immediate medical care. In the absence of effective treatment, a kidney infection can permanently damage the kidneys or travel to the bloodstream to produce…
Unstable Angina
Overview In unstable angina, the heart does not receive sufficient blood flow and oxygen. It might cause a heart attack. Angina is a form of chest pain caused by inadequate blood flow through the heart muscle\’s blood arteries (coronary vessels) (myocardium). Causes Blood clots that partially or completely obstruct an artery induce unstable angina. Each…
Aortic regurgitation – Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
Overview Aortic valve regurgitation, also known as aortic regurgitation, is a condition in which the aortic valve of the heart does not seal tightly. As a result, a portion of the blood pushed from the heart\’s primary pumping chamber (left ventricle) escapes backward. The leaking may hinder the heart\’s ability to adequately pump blood to…
Kidney stones – Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Overview A kidney stone is generated when a mineral particle settles out of the urine and into the kidney or ureter, the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder. Over time, other minerals will adhere to the speck, transforming it into a stone. According to the chemicals that make up the stones, there are…
Rheumatic Heart Disease
What is RHD? Rheumatic heart disease is a disorder in which rheumatic fever has caused irreversible damage to the heart valves. Shortly after an untreated or inadequately treated streptococcal infection, such as strep throat or scarlet fever, the heart valve damage may manifest. An immune reaction induces an inflammatory state in the body, which can…
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
IDDM Type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), one of the most prevalent chronic pediatric disorders, is caused by insulin insufficiency resulting from the autoimmunity-mediated death of pancreatic beta cells. Prior to the establishment of the one and only therapeutic option – the lifelong supplementation of insulin or its equivalents – affected…
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) – Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra. The majority of urinary tract infections affect the bladder and urethra. Women are more likely to have a urinary tract infection than males. A bladder-only infection can be uncomfortable and irritating. Nonetheless, if a UTI spreads to the kidneys, severe…