Spina Bifida: Comprehensive Clinical Overview with Evidence-Based Diagnostic & Management Strategies
Epidemiology & Pathophysiology Spina bifida (SB) is a spectrum of congenital neural tube defects (NTDs) resulting from failed or incomplete closure of the neural tube between days 26–28 post-conception. Incidence has declined significantly in countries with folic acid fortification—now ~0.5–1 per 1,000 live births in the U.S., down >35% since the 1998 mandatory fortification mandate…
