Cauda Equina Syndrome: A Clinical Review for Clinicians—Pathophysiology, Diagnostic Pearls, Evidence-Based Management, and Prognostic Implications
Introduction Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a rare but devastating neurological emergency resulting from compression of the lumbosacral nerve roots within the lumbar spinal canal. With an estimated incidence of 1–5 cases per 100,000 person-years and accounting for <1% of all disc herniations, CES demands prompt recognition and intervention to prevent irreversible lower motor neuron…
