Comprehensive Clinical Review: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) – Pathophysiology, Staging, Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention Based on Current Evidence
Prepared for the practicing clinician — updated per 2024 KDIGO Guidelines, ADA Standards of Care (2024), NICE Guideline NG268 (2023 update), and recent high-quality meta-analyses. I. Pathophysiology & Clinical Definition Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by the KDIGO 2024 Classification as structural or functional abnormalities of the kidney, with or without decreased glomerular filtration…
