Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by the degeneration and weakness of bone tissue. Over time, osteoporosis might progress. This can lead the bone to become progressively porous and more brittle…
Overview Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (formerly known as systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis) is an umbrella term encompassing adolescent rheumatic disorders that begin before the age of 16 and are defined by…
Treacher-Collins syndrome is also known as Lancaster disease or Franceschetti-Zwahlen-Klein syndrome. It is a rare genetic disorder manifested by the head\'s bony and soft tissue deformities, especially ears, orbit, facial…
Peritoneal mesothelioma is a malignancy that develops in the peritoneum, which is the lining of the abdomen. The most effective treatment for this kind of mesothelioma is surgery with hot…
Silica exists naturally in the majority of rocks, sand, and clay, as well as in products such as bricks and concrete. Additionally, silica is utilized as a filler in some…
Overview Barrett\'s esophagus is a disorder in which squamous cells, the normal cells that line the esophagus, transform into specialized columnar cells, which are not typically found in humans. This…
Cancer of the thyroid medulla is an uncommon kind of thyroid cancer. The term medullary indicates the sort of thyroid gland cells that are damaged by malignancy. The majority of…
Bladder cancer is one of the ten most frequent kinds of cancer worldwide, and males account for around 75 percent of new cases. Over ninety percent of urinary bladder malignancies…
Crohn\'s disease is a chronic bowel ailment that produces inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract and can result in stomach pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and malnutrition. The digestive system can be…
Ulcerative colitis is a type of Inflammatory bowel disease, which also includes Crohn\'s disease. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which can cause comparable symptoms but does not include inflammation, is distinct…
GH deficiency A deficiency in growth hormone (GH) is a condition in which the pituitary gland does not produce enough of the hormone responsible for appropriate growth in children. Lack…
Whipple\'s illness is a severe bacterial infection that affects numerous body systems. It is an incredibly rare illness that predominantly affects white men of middle age. Some individuals may have…
Overview Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignancy that affects the bone marrow and blood. In CML, the bone marrow creates an excess of granulocytes, which are white blood cells.…
Addison\'s disease is an endocrine or hormonal ailment that affects men and women of all ages and genders equally. The disease is marked by weight loss, muscle weakness, weariness, low…
Renal cancer arises when cells in the kidneys mutate and proliferate uncontrollably. Symptoms of kidney cancer include flank pain, high blood pressure, blood in the urine, and maybe more. The…
HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is frequently observed in HIV/AIDS patients and results in end-stage renal impairment (ESRD). The diagnosis cannot be confirmed by imaging and must be confirmed by renal biopsy.…
What is glomerulonephritis? Glomerulonephritis is a progressive kidney illness that affects the glomeruli, which are the urine-producing filtering units of the kidney. When the glomeruli are inflamed, the kidneys cannot…
Overview Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by a steady and typically irreversible decline in kidney function over time. This generally occurs over a period of months to years.With the…
Overview Kidney infection (pyelonephritis) is a form of urinary tract infection (UTI) that typically originates in the urethra or bladder and spreads to one or both kidneys.A kidney infection demands…
Overview In unstable angina, the heart does not receive sufficient blood flow and oxygen. It might cause a heart attack.Angina is a form of chest pain caused by inadequate blood…
Overview Aortic valve regurgitation, also known as aortic regurgitation, is a condition in which the aortic valve of the heart does not seal tightly. As a result, a portion of…
Overview A kidney stone is generated when a mineral particle settles out of the urine and into the kidney or ureter, the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder.…
What is RHD? Rheumatic heart disease is a disorder in which rheumatic fever has caused irreversible damage to the heart valves. Shortly after an untreated or inadequately treated streptococcal infection,…
IDDM Type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), one of the most prevalent chronic pediatric disorders, is caused by insulin insufficiency resulting from the autoimmunity-mediated death of…
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra. The majority of urinary tract infections affect the bladder and urethra.Women are more likely to…
Adult polycystic kidney disease types Autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD), which is typically diagnosed in adults; andAutosomal recessive PKD (ARPKD), can be identified in utero or shortly after birth. Autosomal dominant…
Lupus Lupus is a chronic illness in which the body produces antibodies against various portions of itself. Lupus can lead to attacks on the skin, joints, kidneys, lungs, heart, and…
Overview Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the presence of one or more structural heart defects at birth. Congenital denotes that the condition is present at birth. Congenital cardiac disease in…
MRCP PACES MRCP PACES is a very difficult practical examination because the overall pass rate is below 50%. I passed PACES on my first attempt and got 157 out of…
SCLC Cancer is not a singular illness. There are numerous forms of cancer. However, all cancers begin when a group of cells in the body proliferate uncontrollably. Cancer cells continue…