Category: Medicine
Ebstein anomaly – epidemiology, signs, symptoms, treatment
1. 🔍 Definition & Pathophysiology Ebstein anomaly is a rare congenital cardiac defect characterized by downward (apical) displacement of the septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, resulting in “atrialization” of a portion of the RV and dilatation of the right atrium. Leaflets may be tethered or fenestrated, with an…
Facelift surgery – procedure, recovery, cost, expected outcome
Introduction: What Is Facelift Surgery? Facelift surgery—clinically termed rhytidectomy—remains one of the most frequently requested cosmetic procedures worldwide. As facial aging progresses, structural support tissues—including collagen, elastin, and fat compartments—are gradually lost due to intrinsic aging, cumulative sun exposure (photoaging), gravitational forces, and repetitive muscular activity (e.g., smiling, frowning). This leads to visible signs such…
Myotonic dystrophy – learn all about it in 5 minutes
Myotonic dystrophy Myotonic dystrophy, also called myotonia atrophica, is the most common form of muscular dystrophy. It is an inherited disorder and affects the skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles of the body. Characteristic features of the disease include progressive muscle degeneration, muscle shrinkage, and weakness. Inheritance Myotonic dystrophy is an autosomal dominant trinucleotide repeat disorder.…
Neurofibromatosis type 1 and type 2 – features, diagnosis, and treatment
What is neurofibromatosis? Neurofibromatosis type 1 and type 2 comes under the heading of neuro-cutaneous diseases but it not only involves the nervous system and skin but also involves multiple organs of the body. It is also associated with bony deformity and different types of tumors. The underlying pathology is an embryological defect in…
Clinical Hypnotherapy
Clinical hypnotherapy is an evidence-based therapeutic approach that uses guided hypnosis—a focused, relaxed state of heightened attention and suggestibility—to support the treatment of medical, psychological, and behavioral conditions. Contrary to popular misconceptions, hypnosis is not a trance-like sleep or loss of control; rather, it is a collaborative process in which individuals remain fully aware and…
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) – Symptoms, ECG, Murmur & Treatment
HCM is most often an autosomal dominant inherited heart muscle disease. The commonest pathogenic variants involve sarcomere-protein genes, especially MYH7 and MYBPC3, although other sarcomeric genes can also be involved. These variants lead to myocyte hypertrophy, myocyte disarray, fibrosis, impaired relaxation, ischemia, and a tendency to atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. It is important to separate…
Fungal Skin Infection – Tinea corporis, cruris, pedis, capitis, versicolor, and unguium
Fungal skin infection overview Fungal skin infection is a broad term. In medical terminology, if any skin infection occurs by a fungus is called ‘mycosis’. Fungus is a microorganism having a cell wall made of chitin. Thousands of species of fungus are present in this world. Usually, they are found on household surfaces, plants, dirt, or…
Menopausal Syndrome – symptoms of menopause, and treatments
Menopausal syndrome Menopause is a natural biological process that every woman goes through. It is a gradual process taking on an average of four years to complete. Menopause happens when menstruation stops for at least twelve months. It marks the end of the reproductive period for a woman. It normally takes place at the age…
Measles Eradication – Why It’s Still Not Possible?
What Is Measles? Measles is a very infectious and contagious viral disease caused by the measles virus. It usually starts with fever, eye infection, runny nose, and skin rash. Later it can affect the respiratory system and nervous system. Despite the availability of an effective and safe vaccine, it remains a cause of death significantly…
Basal Cell Carcinoma Vs Squamous Cell Carcinoma (BCC Vs SCC)
BCC and SCC Skin is the largest organ of the human body. Among all cancers, skin cancer is considered the most common cancer developed in humans. Cancer means abnormal growth and transformation of cells without having normal controls. As the cells multiply they form a tumor. Tumor means mass. They are called cancerous only…
